Effect of Air Pollution on the Occurrences and Death of COVID-19
Abstract
Air contamination continues to be the leading environmental risk factor for all causes of death, leading to substantial years of lives and economic decline adapted to incapacity increased deaths in air pollution in past pandemics, in 1918, Spanish Flu and in 2003 with SARS-CoV-1. The host susceptibility and respiratory virulence are increased and viral clearance is decreased. Therefore, there is a question about the effect of air contamination on the current 2019 coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19). History and research have until now been concerned with the huge potential consequences of the COVID-19 air pollution pandemic. In order to validate this correlation, more epidemiological and environmental research is necessary. Moreover, countries must leverage air emissions reduction funds to benefit their wellbeing and enhance their possible impact on future pandemics.
Downloads
References
Cohen AJ, Brauer M, Burnett R, Anderson HR, Frostad J, Estep K, et al. Estimates and 25-year trends of the global burden of disease attributable to ambient air pollution: an analysis of data from the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2015. The Lancet. 2017;389(10082):1907-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)30505-6
Cui Y, Zhang Z-F, Froines J, Zhao J, Wang H, Yu S-Z, et al. Air pollution and case fatality of SARS in the People's Republic of China: an ecologic study. Environ Health. 2003;2(1):15. https://doi.org/10.1186/1476-069X-2-15.
Faustini A, Stafoggia M, Colais P, Berti G, Bisanti L, Cadum E, et al. Air pollution and multiple acute respiratory outcomes. Eur Respir J. 2013;42(2):304-13. https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.00128712
Lin C-I, Tsai C-H, Sun Y-L, Hsieh W-Y, Lin Y-C, Chen C-Y, et al. Instillation of particulate matter 2.5 induced acute lung injury and attenuated the injury recovery in ACE2 knockout mice. Int J Biol Sci. 2018;14(3):253-65. https://doi.org/10.7150/ijbs.23489
Wu X, Nethery RC, Sabath BM, Braun D, Dominici FJM. Exposure to air pollution and COVID-19 mortality in the United States: Strengths and limitations of an ecological regression analysis. Sci Adv. 2020;6(45):eabd4049. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abd4049.
Gordon SB, Bruce NG, Grigg J, Hibberd PL, Kurmi OP, Lam HKB, et al. Respiratory risks from household air pollution in low and middle income countries. Lancet Respir Med. 2014;2(10): 823–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(14)70168-7.
Thomas KV, Bijlsma L, Castiglioni S, Covaci A, Emke E, Grabic R, et al. Comparing illicit drug use in 19 European cities through sewage analysis. Sci Total Environ. 2012;432:432-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.06.069.
Travaglio M, Popovic R, Yu Y, Leal N, Martins LM. Links between air pollution and COVID-19 in England. Environ Pollut. 2021;268(Pt A):115859. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115859.
Setti L, Passarini F, De Gennaro G, Barbieri P, Perrone MG, Borelli M, et al. SARS-Cov-2RNA found on particulate matter of Bergamo in Northern Italy: first evidence. Environ Res. 2020; 188: 109754. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2020.109754
Copyright (c) 2021 J. Swaminathan et al.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
