Oral Hygiene (OHI-S) and DMFT Status among Type 1 Diabetic Adolescents Aged 12-19 Years: A Case-Control Study

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Diabetes in any form (type 1 or type 2) has the potential to affect the oral health of an individual.

AIM: To assess the oral hygiene status (simplified) and DMFT among adolescents aged 12-19 years with type 1 diabetes (cases) in Jammu District, Jammu and Kashmir (J&K), India

MATERIALS AND METHOD: A total of 50 patients aged 12-19 years with type 1 diabetes mellitus, screened via medical history from  August 2017 to August 2018 were enrolled in the study. The control group consisted of 51 healthy adolescents matched for age and gender selected randomly. The DMFT index was used to record the Decayed, Missing, Filled teeth, while the OHI-S Index was used to assess the Oral Hygiene Status. The examinations were done under artificial light and  data was analyzed using SPSS version  19.0. The t-test, Odd’s Ratio (OR) and multiple regression were used to analyze the data. 

RESULTS: Of a total of 101 participants(50 cases and 51 controls) enrolled in the study, cases reported higher values of OHI-S and DMFT  as compared to controls. The cases had an OHI-S score of 3.12±3.2 indicating poor oral hygiene, the controls’ score of 2.54±1.1 revealed fair oral hygiene and no significant statistical differences were found (OR=2.1). A significant difference (p=0.03) was seen upon comparison of DMFT among cases (4.67±6.6) and controls (3.82±2.9). The cases were 1.7 (OR) times more likely to have higher DMF values as compared to controls

CONCLUSION: Efforts must be reinforced among adolescents emphasizing the importance of oral health, through more frequent dental education camps in Jammu district, J&K, India